Celtic Giants
The Cimbri or Cimmerians, after making their way overland by the northern route, occupied for a time the country above the Euxine or Black Sea, around the Palus Maeotidis (see Giants Who Became Gods). When they again felt the irresistible urge to roam, they continued westward, eventually settling east of the Rhine, in Germany. They afterward established themselves as far north as Denmark and also colonized Belgium. Acmon's hordes, meanwhile, having advanced by the southern route, first settled in Cappadocia and Galatia, then later on the southern shores of the Black Sea. From there they spread into Gaul, which today we call France, and also across Spain, where they assimilated with the Iberians.6 Being as prolific in Eu-rope as they had been in Asia, Gomer's oversized children soon overspread a vast territory—from the lands east of the Rhine to the Atlantic and from the Baltic Sea to the coasts of Spain. They also inhabited Switzerland and some northern parts of Italy, especially around the Adriatic.

Many historians confirm the great height of these wandering Celts. The ancient Greek historian Pausanias, for example, called them the world's tallest people.7 Gerhard Herm, his modern counterpart, agrees. He describes them as "blond giants" who struck terror in the hearts of every foe, even in the mightiest of mighty Rome, which they fought several ferocious wars with and which they once captured, sacked, and burnt to the ground. Of course, not all Celts were giants.8 The average-size ones probably towered no more than a foot above ordinary men. But their ranks also contained substantial numbers who rose to a gigantic stature. At the utmost divergence from the mean, some Celts even stood to a colossal height, perhaps as tall as or taller than the nine-foot-nine Goliath, or even Og, who required a bed over thirteen feet long.

Such behemoths, when they first put their ships ashore on Europe's seacoasts, no doubt startled the aborigines. Doing as they did in Asia and Asia Minor, the invading Celts first robbed these lesser mortals, then chased them off the best lands. As they multiplied and required even more territory, they crowded still others out. This fast-expanding nation, according to Strabo, eventually grew to some sixty different tribes—each with its own name.9 In Upper Asia, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor, these plunderers were known as the Gomarian Sacæ. But once they settled in Europe, they decided to shed their derisive name, which means "robbers," and began calling themselves the Celtæ (pronounced Kelti), which denotes "potent and valiant men." The Greeks, however, understood them to say Galatai, while their Roman neighbors heard their name as Galli. The aborigines of France, meanwhile, called them Gauls. These slightly different pronunciations of course caused different spellings, as the Celtic scholar Henri Hubert explains: "The word which was written down as Keltos in Spain and the neighbourhood of Marseilles sounded differently in the ears of the Greeks of the Balkan Peninsula, who wrote it down Galates. But it was the same name."10

In keeping with their Sacæ tradition, these "potent and valiant men" continued to rob. But in their new land their new name, Celtae, better fit their appearance—which alone was enough to demoralize their enemies. Indeed, even the Romans, ordinarily a very brave people, came to dread the sight of them. Concerning their frightening look, historian Ammianus Marcellinus writes: "Nearly all the Gauls are of a lofty stature, fair and of ruddy complexion: terrible from the sternness of their eyes, very quarrelsome, and of great pride and insolence. A whole troop of foreigners would not be able to withstand a single Gaul if he called his wife to his assistance who is usually very strong and with blue eyes; least of all when she swells her neck and gnashes her teeth, and poising her huge white arms, proceeds to rain punches mingled with kicks, like shots discharged by the twisted cords of a catapult. The voices of most of them are formidable and threatening, alike when they are good-natured or angry. But all of them with equal care keep clean and neat, and in those districts, particularly in Aquitania, no man or woman can be seen, be they never so poor, in soiled and ragged clothing, as elsewhere."11

Two other ancient Greek historians, Arrian and Diodorus, also speak of the Celts' unusual bigness. Arrian, for instance, mentions their size in his report on Alexander the Great's encounter with them. This happened after the Macedonian king burned down a town of the Getae on the Danube in 335 B.C. Hoping to persuade Alexander against further attacks, Syrmus, king of the Triballians, some other independent tribes along that great river, and some Celts from around the Adriatic Sea sent an embassy to him. These emis saries, declares Arrian, were a "people of great stature and haughty disposition," but they offered the Greeks their friendship in ex-change for peace. After mutual pledges were given and received, he continues, "Alexander asked the Celtic envoys what they were most afraid of in this world, hoping that the power of his own name had got as far as their country, or even further, and that they would answer, 'You, my lord.' However, he was disappointed; for the Celts, who lived a long way off in country not easy to penetrate, and could see that Alexander's expedition was directed elsewhere, replied that their worst fear was that the sky might fall on their heads.12 None the less, he concluded an alliance of friendship with them and sent them home, merely remarking under his breath that the Celts thought too much of themselves."13

Diodorus, in a similar account, says: "The Gauls are terrifying In aspect and their voices are deep and altogether harsh; when they meet together they converse with few words and in riddles, hinting darkly at things for the most part and using one word when they mean another; and they like to talk in superlatives, to the end that they may extol themselves and depreciate all other men." They are also "tall in stature, with rippling muscles, and white of skin, and their hair is blond, and not naturally so, but they also make it their practice by artificial means to increase the distinguishing color which nature has given it. For they are always washing their hair in lime-water, and they pull it back from the forehead to the top of the head and back to the nape of the neck, with the result that their appearance is like that of Satyrs and Pans, since the treatment of their hair makes it so heavy and coarse that it differs in no respect from the mane of horses."14

Diodorus' account of the way "me" Celt? wore their hair agreeswith those representations of the Anakim giants found in the great temple of Abu Simbel. This design depicts "the king contending with two men of large stature, light complexion, scanty beard, and having a remarkable load of hair pendant from the side of the head." Besides the similarity in strange hair styles, the Celts and the Anakim both wore torque necklaces. Proof that the Anakim wore them as distinguishing emblems appears in their name. For from ânâq, the Hebrew word for necklace or neckpiece, came the name Anakim, which means "People of the Necklace."15 That the tow-headed Celts also adorned their necks with a twisted strip of metal, usually gold or silver, is not only shown by the ancient historians but verified by many archaeological finds. The enemy of course always took note of the Celts' attention-getting neckpieces. And so did the Roman poet Virgil, in these memorable verses: "Golden is their hair, and golden their garb. They are resplendent in their striped cloaks, and their milk-white necks are circled with gold."16

Most Celts also shaved their beards, although some let it sprout a little. But, remarks Diodorus, the nobles among them customarily let their moustache grow until it covered their mouth. "Consequently, when they are eating, their moustache becomes entangled in the food, and when they are drinking, the beverage passes, as it were, through a kind of a strainer. . . . And it is their custom, even during the course of the meal, to seize upon any trivial matter as an occa-sion for keen disputation and then to challenge one another to single combat, without any regard for their lives. . . ,"17 The Celtic giants were also extremely superstitious. When faced with serious illnesses or the dangers of battle, they believed they obtained the most help from their gods by promising them human sacrifices—promises that they felt duty-bound to keep. The Druids, their priests, not only condoned these sacrifices, they officiated at them. Julius Caesar, in his book on Rome's wars with this harsh, religious-minded, unpitying people, describes this practice in these words: "The Gauls believe the power of the immortal gods can be appeased only if one human life is exchanged for another, and they have sacrifices of this kind regularly established by the community. Some of them have enormous images made of wickerwork, the limbs of which they fill with living men; these are set on fire and the men perish, enveloped in the flames. They believe that the gods prefer it if the people executed have been caught in the act of theft or armed robbery or some other crime, but when the supply of such victims runs out, they even go to the extent of sacrificing innocent men."18

Diodorus tells about an even more astonishing and repugnant custom. When these giants took thought with respect to matters of great concern, he says, "they devote to death a human being and plunge a dagger into him in the region above the diaphragm, and when the stricken victim has fallen they read the future from the manner of his fall and from the twitching of his limbs, as well as from the gushing of the blood, having learned to place confidence in an ancient and long continued practice of observing such matters."19

Such grim and grisly practices might seem to go hand-in-hand with a sinister and dreadful outlook on life, with solemn blacks and other dark hues being favored by such people. But the Celts loved bright colors. When the Romans first came in contact with them, they saw a towering folk whose clothing was most striking; their shirts and trousers were dyed and embroidered in varied colors; and in their coats, which they fastened by a buckle at the shoulder, were set a pattern of checks, close together and of varied hues, similar in fashion to the Scottish tartan.20 For armor they used long shields, as high as an ordinary man. But, as the Romans were much later to learn, not long enough to protect all of their exceptionally large bodies from well-aimed javelins and arrows, nor even the sword's thrust of much smaller men. On their heads these Titans wore bronze helmets embossed with large figures, sometimes with horns attached. Such headgear contributed much to their frightening look. Perhaps it was to these embossed helmets that Hubert referred when he said the Celts "alarmed the Italians by their resemblance to large, though magnificent, beasts."21

Several early historians portray most Gallic males as homosexuals. "Although their wives are comely," remarks Diodorus, "they have very little to do with them, but rage with lust, in outlandish fashion, for the embraces of males. And the most astonishing thing of all is that they feel no concern for their proper dignity, but prostitute to others without a qualm the flower of their bodies; nor do they consider this a disgraceful thing to do, but rather when anyone of them is thus approached and refuses the favor offered him, this they consider an act of dishonor."22

Such then were the blond Goliaths who lived beyond the Apennine Mountains, about whom the Romans knew almost nothing, but whom they would become well acquainted with during the next four centuries of devastating wars. (See Caesar's Triumph over the Giants; German Giants' Annihilation; Giants Who Became Gods; Gomarian Giants; Rome vs Senone Giants; Twilight of the Celtic Giants)


Charlemagne
The Encyclopaedia Britannica characterizes Charlemagne as "an imposing figure, towering and powerful." Most biographers agree with this description, but some will argue that he was not a giant, as the legends portray him to be.

The legendary Charlemagne stood eight feet tall. The real-life Charlemagne no doubt was a few inches shorter than that. But he was, in fact, a giant. For proof, we have the word of his biographer and close friend, Einhard.

In his Vie de Charlemagne, Einhard gives the emperor's height as seven times the length of his foot. Allowing his foot to be at least twelve inches long, for that would seem the very minimum length for anyone of a "towering" stature, then Charlemagne stood at least seven feet high.

Einhard also says that the man who mastered western Europe spoke in a clear voice but not with the strength expected from a man his size. A bronze equestrian statuette and some Lateran mosaics, believed to be fairly accurate representations of his personal appearance, show him to have been "a hawk-nosed man, with a broad, moustachioed face, high forehead and shaven chin, tall, square-shouldered, and strongly built." Einhard adds that the emperor looked upon the world with large, keen eyes and that his general expression was cheerful. He had a bullneck, but he bore himself about with such an indescribable air of dignity that this defect was hardly noticed.23

Charlemagne was widely loved, even by those he had conquered. The Saxons exemplified the loyalty that he inspired from the peoples he defeated in war and subjected to his rule. They had every reason to hate him, but after he died in 814 they spoke this eulogy: "The best man on earth and the bravest was Charles: Truth and good faith he established and kept."24

How great was his strength we do not know. But in ballads that contemporaries sang in his praise he was so hardy "that he would hunt the wild bull single-handed, so strong that he felled a horse and rider with the blow of his fist. He could straighten four horseshoes joined together, and lift with his right hand a fully equipped fighting-man to the level of his head."25 (See AEnotherus; also see Joyce, the Mighty Giant; Maximilian; Maximinus, for comparisons of strength)